{"id":3743,"date":"2020-05-13T11:58:50","date_gmt":"2020-05-13T09:58:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/?p=3743"},"modified":"2020-06-07T21:01:50","modified_gmt":"2020-06-07T19:01:50","slug":"dialogue-avec-prithwindra-mukherjee-lashram-et-la-france","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/2020\/05\/13\/dialogue-avec-prithwindra-mukherjee-lashram-et-la-france\/","title":{"rendered":"Dialogue avec Prithwindra MUKHERJEE – L’\u00e2shram \u00e0 Pondich\u00e9ry et l’influence europ\u00e9enne"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bertrand de Foucauld :<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/em> <\/i>“Pourquoi vous avoir mis dans une \u00e9cole (\u00e2shram) situ\u00e9e \u00e0 plus de 1800 km du domicile parental?”<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Prithwindra Mukherjee<\/span><\/span><\/em> : “Les territoires que Sri Aurobindo avait connu dans sa vie peuvent \u00eatre r\u00e9sum\u00e9s ainsi : (a) 1872-1879 : naissance \u00e0 Calcutta, pension \u00e0 Darjeeling ; (b) 1879-1893 formation parfaite \u00e0 l\u2019anglaise, s\u2019il vous pla\u00eet, chez un latiniste, \u00e0 l\u2019abri de tout contact avec l\u2019Inde ; brillant dipl\u00f4m\u00e9 h\u00e9ll\u00e9niste, candidat \u00e0 un poste d\u2019administrateur en Inde (le convoit\u00e9 Indian Civil Service) ; 1893-1905 : employ\u00e9 par l\u2019Etat princier de Barod\u00e2, il est notamment professeur ; il utilise ses loisir d\u2019un c\u00f4t\u00e9 \u00e0 replonger dans la tradition indienne jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la d\u00e9couverte d\u2019une cl\u00e9 aux myst\u00e8res v\u00e9diques ; de l\u2019autre c\u00f4t\u00e9 \u00e0 lib\u00e9rer d\u2019urgence son peuple d\u2019un esclavage qui le suffoquait ; il entre en contact avec quelques membres d\u2019une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 secr\u00e8te (dont le grand Tilak) qui sauront apporter de l\u2019eau dans son moulin ; en 1902, il re\u00e7oit la visite de Niv\u00e9dit\u00e2, disciple r\u00e9volutionnaire irlandaise de Viv\u00e9k\u00e2nanda, qui le convie : \u00abLe Ma\u00eetre nous a quitt\u00e9s \u2026 Le Bengale vous attend. \u00bb ; en 1903 Sri Aurobindo et Jatindra Mukherjee se voient \u00e0 Calcutta ; Jatindra accepte la proposition de former une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 clandestine capable de g\u00e9rer une r\u00e9volution arm\u00e9e du genre du \u00ab r\u00e9bellion des cipaye \u00bb de 1857 ; ainsi mandat\u00e9, avec une douzaine d\u2019ann\u00e9es de .pers\u00e9v\u00e9rence, Jatindra cr\u00e9e le puissant r\u00e9seau f\u00e9d\u00e9r\u00e9  de cellules non-centralis\u00e9es nomm\u00e9 <\/span><\/span>Jug\u00e2ntar <\/i><\/span><\/span> (\u00ab Fin d\u2019une \u00e9poque \u00bb), ayant pour \u00e9missaires \u00e0 l\u2019\u0153uvre un peu partout en Inde et dans le monde ; profitant de la visite \u00e0 Calcutta du Prince h\u00e9ritier de l\u2019Allemagne, fils de Guillaume II, en 1912 Jatindra obtiendra une promesse de collaboration indo-germanique connue dans l\u2019histoire comme <\/span><\/span>Zimmermann Plan <\/i><\/span><\/span>; 1905-10, Aurobindo domina l\u2019ar\u00e8ne politique pan-indienne ; 1910-50, tel un m\u00e9t\u00e9or, avant de dispara\u00eetre pour mener \u00e0 bien une qu\u00eate spirituelle intensive \u00e0 Pondich\u00e9ry, Aurobindo laissera la consigne de suivre Jatindra Mukherjee. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Fid\u00e8le \u00e0 son mandat, Jatindra secoua l\u2019Empire britannique, en 1915, avec son formidable plan de collaboration indo-germanique. Sachant qu\u2019un pays esclave depuis des si\u00e8cles ne saurait d\u2019un seul coup atteindre son ind\u00e9pendance, un pays pourri par de peurs multiples : peur de vivre, peur de mourir. Il faudrait avant tout apprendre \u00e0 mourir, mourir pour une cause, mourir pour la patrie. \u00ab Nous mourrons\u2026pour que la Nation naisse ! \u00bb avait-il dit, dans le contexte d\u2019un soul\u00e8vement, le 9 septembre 1915, tandis qu\u2019il attendait sur la c\u00f4te de Balasore en Oriss\u00e2, avec quatre compagnons d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s la livraison consid\u00e9rable d\u2019armes charg\u00e9es dans trois bateaux depuis la c\u00f4te californienne et exp\u00e9di\u00e9es par von Papen, Attach\u00e9 militaire de l\u2019Allemagne post\u00e9 aux Etats-Unis, sous la direction de l\u2019Ambassadeur von Bernstorff.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bien que, encore en 1948, Pondich\u00e9ry f\u00fbt territoire fran\u00e7ais, bien que la distance entre Calcutta et Pondich\u00e9ry f\u00fbt impressionnante, bien que pour \u00eatre admis \u00e0 l\u2019ashram on ait une autorisation de la M\u00e8re, cette multiple proximit\u00e9 int\u00e9rieure historique et affective \u00e9tait n\u00e9cessaire et suffisante.” <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bertrand de Foucauld<\/i><\/em> : “<\/span><\/span>Qu’est-ce qui vous a pouss\u00e9 vers la France?”<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Prithwindra Mukherjee<\/em> : “Prabodh Chatterjee, cousin de ma m\u00e8re, \u00e9tait deux fois m\u00e9daill\u00e9 d\u2019or de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Calcutta pour ses recherches et son enseignement dans le domaine de science physique. Pendant la Guerre, il se mit \u00e0 apprendre deux langues qu\u2019il jugeait fondamentales pour l\u2019exercice de son m\u00e9tier : le fran\u00e7ais et l\u2019arabe. Par affection, il me donnait quelques le\u00e7ons de ces deux langues. N\u2019ayant pas de <\/span><\/span>French without Toil<\/i><\/span><\/span>, il \u00e9tait fort loin de la vraie prononciation des mots fran\u00e7ais (qu\u2019il pronon\u00e7ait <\/span><\/span>loune-Di, m\u00e8r-Di<\/i><\/span><\/span> \u2026<\/span><\/span>Di-m\u00e8n-tchi<\/i><\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/span> J\u2019avais rep\u00e9r\u00e9 chez lui une admiration pour l\u2019enseignement scientifique en France. R\u00e2mmohun Roy, P\u00e8re de la Renaissance indienne, avait une telle estime pour la France qu\u2019un jour, en pleine mer, en apercevant de sa cabine un bateau passer avec le drapeau fran\u00e7ais, d\u00e9sireux de gagner pr\u00e9cipitamment le pont pour saluer le pays de son ami l\u2019Abb\u00e9 Gr\u00e9goire, il tr\u00e9bucha et sa cheville restera infirme toute sa vie.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u2019est \u00e0 l\u2019ashram, \u00e9lev\u00e9s directement par la M\u00e8re, que nous avions appris \u00e0 aimer la France. Fran\u00e7aise de naissance et fi\u00e8re de l\u2019\u00eatre, la M\u00e8re avait choisi en 1920 de vivre en Inde aupr\u00e8s de Sri Aurobindo, pour y rester, fid\u00e8le au poste d\u00e9sign\u00e9 par son Ma\u00eetre, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 son dernier souffle rendu en 1973. D\u00e8s mon ann\u00e9e scolaire \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole de l\u2019ashram, je lui avais dit que j\u2019aimerais apprendre du bon fran\u00e7ais. Tout de suite elle proposa de me donner les premi\u00e8res le\u00e7ons, tous les jours. L\u2019amour qui l\u2019animait en traduisant les chefs-d\u2019\u0153uvre du Ma\u00eetre en fran\u00e7ais m\u2019ouvrit vers une vocation dont je suis content : pouss\u00e9 par Etiemble, j\u2019allais devenir en d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1970 membre fondateur de l\u2019Association fran\u00e7aise des traducteurs litt\u00e9raires. Frapp\u00e9 par le charme singulier de la litt\u00e9rature fran\u00e7aise, je me demandais s\u2019il n\u2019y avait pas moyen de partager ce plaisir de lire les \u0153uvres fran\u00e7aises avec mes compatriotes par le truchement de la traduction. Je traduisais des c\u00e9l\u00e9brit\u00e9s en France \u2013 Camus, St-John Perse, Ren\u00e9 Char \u2013 compl\u00e8tement inconnues en Inde. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

En plus de traductions, les cours de langues – bengali, fran\u00e7ais et anglais- que j\u2019ai dispens\u00e9s \u00e0 Pondich\u00e9ry entre 1955 et 1966, je publiais beaucoup d\u2019articles consacr\u00e9s \u00e0 la litt\u00e9rature fran\u00e7aise, je faisais des conf\u00e9rences \u00e0 l\u2019Alliance fran\u00e7aise. Toutes ces activit\u00e9s me valurent le surnom de Mr France dans le cercle d\u2019amis. <\/span><\/span>Par cons\u00e9quent <\/i><\/span><\/span> la France ne m’a pas sembl\u00e9 \u00eatre un pays aussi myst\u00e9rieux qu\u2019au regard d\u2019autres boursiers.<\/span><\/span><\/em> J\u2019avais l\u2019impression de devoir comparer mon sc\u00e9nario de la France et des Fran\u00e7ais de l\u2019\u00e9poque avec la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 qui r\u00e9v\u00e9lait au fur et \u00e0 mesure ses myst\u00e8res insoup\u00e7onn\u00e9s. De m\u00eame qu\u2019en Inde l\u2019\u00e9tranger est accueilli comme un cousin d\u00e8s qu\u2019il baragouine deux mots en sanskrit ou en une des vingt-deux langues r\u00e9gionales officielles, en France l\u2019\u00e9tranger est un roi d\u00e8s qu\u2019il parvient \u00e0 murmurer \u00ab je t\u2019aime \u00bb. D\u2019aucuns plus bienveillants, parmi les amis, tout en appr\u00e9ciant la qualit\u00e9 de fran\u00e7ais (que j\u2019ai appris avec la M\u00e8re) n\u2019ont pas h\u00e9sit\u00e9 \u00e0 signaler que, bien que correcte, je pratiquais un langage un peu de bouquineurs. Furieux, je m\u2019\u00e9tais empar\u00e9 de deux dictionnaires d\u2019argots avec un tel z\u00e8le qu\u2019en un rien de temps ces m\u00eames amis m\u2019ont cri\u00e9 : <\/span><\/span>stop !<\/i> ”
\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(Photo de couverture: Prithwindra Mukherjee en 1954).<\/em><\/p>\n

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Bertrand de Foucauld : “Pourquoi vous avoir mis dans une \u00e9cole (\u00e2shram) situ\u00e9e \u00e0 plus de 1800 km du domicile<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3754,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[591,3,43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3743","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arts-spectacles","category-education_fr","category-poesie-des-territoires"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDialogue avec Prithwindra MUKHERJEE - L'\u00e2shram \u00e0 Pondich\u00e9ry et l'influence europ\u00e9enne - ContribCity<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/2020\/05\/13\/dialogue-avec-prithwindra-mukherjee-lashram-et-la-france\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Dialogue avec Prithwindra MUKHERJEE - 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