{"id":5239,"date":"2020-06-16T14:09:08","date_gmt":"2020-06-16T12:09:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/?p=5239"},"modified":"2022-05-16T13:30:47","modified_gmt":"2022-05-16T11:30:47","slug":"charles-de-foucauld-an-explorer-till-the-end-of-his-path","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/en\/2020\/06\/16\/charles-de-foucauld-an-explorer-till-the-end-of-his-path\/","title":{"rendered":"Charles de Foucauld: An Explorer Till The End of His Path"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">I rarely talk about my family. But the Vatican City&#8217;s announcement on Thursday May 28th of the canonization of Charles de Foucauld forces my hand a little, even if it means putting back the articles originally planned for a few days. May the Contrib\u2019Citizen be reassured! I am not going to impose an additional biography of this explorer on them: others have done so, often with great talent<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_5239_1('footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_5239_1('footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_5239_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">BAZIN Ren\u00e9, <em>Charles de Foucauld &#8211; Explorateur du Maroc, ermite au Sahara<\/em>, Paris, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nouvellecite.fr\/?s=Charles+de+Foucauld+-+Explorateur+du+Maroc%2C+ermite+au+Sahara&amp;post_type=product&amp;title=1&amp;excerpt=0&amp;content=0&amp;categories=1&amp;attributes=1&amp;tags=1&amp;sku=0&amp;orderby=title&amp;ixwps=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nouvelle Cit\u00e9<\/a>, r\u00e9\u00e9d 2003 (\u00e9d. orig : 1921), 543p. Lire \u00e9galement : SIXT Jean-Fran\u00e7ois, <em>Charles de Foucauld : sa vie, sa voie<\/em>, Paris, <a title=\"Art\u00e8ge\" href=\"https:\/\/www.laprocure.com\/editeurs\/artege-0-765034.html\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Art\u00e8ge<\/a> , collection <a title=\"Poche\" href=\"https:\/\/www.laprocure.com\/collections\/poche-0-329958.html\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Poche<\/a> , <span class=\"livre-date-sortie\">avril 2016. <\/span>SIXT Jean-Fran\u00e7ois, <em>Le grand r\u00eave de Charles de Foucauld et Louis Massignon<\/em>, Paris, <a title=\"Albin Michel\" href=\"https:\/\/www.laprocure.com\/editeurs\/albin-michel-0-71760.html\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Albin Michel<\/a>, collection <a title=\"Spiritualit\u00e9s\" href=\"https:\/\/www.laprocure.com\/collections\/spiritualites-0-21272.html\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Spiritualit\u00e9s<\/a> , <span class=\"livre-date-sortie\">mars 2008. SOURISSEAU Pierre, <\/span>Charles de Foucauld : 1858-1916 : biographie, Paris, <a title=\"Salvator\" href=\"https:\/\/www.laprocure.com\/editeurs\/salvator-0-72144.html\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Salvator<\/a> , collection <a title=\"Biographie\" href=\"https:\/\/www.laprocure.com\/collections\/biographie-0-51929.html\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Biographie<\/a> , <span class=\"livre-date-sortie\">juillet 2016. CHATELARD Antoine, <\/span><em>Charles de Foucauld : le chemin vers Tamanrasset<\/em>,<a title=\"Karthala\" href=\"https:\/\/www.laprocure.com\/editeurs\/karthala-0-78146.html\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Karthala<\/a> , collection <a title=\"Chr\u00e9tiens en libert\u00e9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.laprocure.com\/collections\/chretiens-liberte-0-5577.html\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Chr\u00e9tiens en libert\u00e9<\/a> , <span class=\"livre-date-sortie\">f\u00e9vrier 2002<\/span>. <span class=\"livre-date-sortie\">CHATELARD Antoine, <\/span><em>La mort de Charles de Foucauld<\/em>, Paris, <a title=\"Karthala\" href=\"https:\/\/www.laprocure.com\/editeurs\/karthala-0-78146.html\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Karthala<\/a>, collection <a title=\"Tropiques\" href=\"https:\/\/www.laprocure.com\/collections\/tropiques-0-40081.html\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tropiques<\/a> , <span class=\"livre-date-sortie\">novembre 200. <span class=\"rush-component s-latency-cf-section\" data-component-type=\"s-search-results\" data-component-id=\"8\"><span class=\"celwidget slot=MAIN template=SEARCH_RESULTS widgetId=search-results\" data-cel-widget=\"MAIN-SEARCH_RESULTS\">CASTILLON du PERRON Marguerite, <em>Charles de Foucauld<\/em><\/span><\/span>, Paris, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.grasset.fr\/livres\/charles-de-foucauld-9782246273615\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Grasset<\/a>, 2014, 521p<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_5239_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/span>. However, I want to express what I like about this man.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">First of all, Charles was someone who went to the end of his action: for example, during his &#8220;party&#8221; period, when he organized a reception, the whole city knew it, whether in Saumur or in Pont-\u00e0-Mousson (both French military towns)! Or else, while he was in garrison, he had not hesitated to bring his mistress (today one would say &#8220;his partner&#8221;), via a trunk, into his military barracks; or again, then at the time of the arrests in Saumur, he dressed as a laborer, had easily been able to thwart the sentry of the barracks and go to a reception in Tours, passing by the Police Commissioner who had laughed at his prank. But once arrived at the party place, he was received by his own general, himself invited! Conversely, at another time, he had left his garrison, disguised himself as a beggar and had wandered for several days, living on alms, before being recognized and brought back to his quarters.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Foucauld knew how to adapt to his environment, even if it meant going around obstacles or facing them: for his exploration in Morocco (<em>Recognition in Morocco 1883-1884<\/em> [3]), he disguised himself (again!) as a Jewish traveler, knowing that if his true identity as a French Catholic were discovered, he would have been executed by the Muslim authorities. Charles, who was the first European to explore the High Atlas, received the gold medal from the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de G\u00e9ographie<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_5239_1('footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_5239_1('footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_5239_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Located at 184 boulevard St Germain, in Paris, right next to the Institute of Geography of the Sorbonne where I wrote, under the direction of Pr emeritus Michel Carmona, my own thesis, dedicated in particular to Charles, and which focused on among others on the Maghreb or black African families in the deprived North-Eastern part of paris Region, another today&#8217;s &#8220;periphery&#8221;<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_5239_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> as well as the Academic Palms, awarded in the Sorbonne University, for his work as an explorer<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_5239_1('footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_5239_1('footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[3]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_5239_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><span class=\"livre-date-sortie\">de MARIGNAN Jean-Fran\u00e7ois, <em>Sur les pas de Charles de Foucauld <\/em>(<\/span><span lang=\"en\">In Charles de Foucauld&#8217;s footsteps)<\/span><span class=\"livre-date-sortie\">, [consulted 1st June 2020]. Available at : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.portailsudmaroc.com\/charles-foucauld\/1\/sur-pas-charles-de-foucauld-rif-maroc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sur les pas de Charles de Foucauld<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_5239_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Converted, and after spending a year as a gardener in a convent (one would say today: &#8220;after an unpaid international internship with overtime, in the agro sector&#8221;), Foucauld left to settle in one of the extremities, probably the poorest and wildest, of the French Empire: the south of Algeria, and more particularly in the Assekrem and Tamanrasset. Contrary to what one can possibly think, Charles led both a hermit&#8217;s life (&#8220;a break&#8221;) but also meetings (&#8220;networking&#8221;) because &#8220;Tam&#8221;<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_5239_1('footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_5239_1('footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[4]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_5239_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Tamanrasset nickname<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_5239_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> is one of the great crossroads of the Sahara. There he met the Tuaregs, whose language and customs he learned there, and wrote a Franco-Tuareg dictionary; but he also maintained links with the metropolitan people, mainly the military, such as General Laperinne<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_5239_1('footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_5239_1('footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[5]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_5239_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">The fact that Charles de Foucauld developed links with the French military gave the impression to certain historians that Charles was a spy. Personally, I have no opinion on the question but this idea seems to me rather absurd, given the Father&#8217;s own state of life.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_5239_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4212\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4212\" style=\"width: 665px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4212 \" src=\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Charles-de-Foucauld-devant-sa-chapelle-\u00e0-Tam.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"665\" height=\"407\" srcset=\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Charles-de-Foucauld-devant-sa-chapelle-\u00e0-Tam.jpg 650w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Charles-de-Foucauld-devant-sa-chapelle-\u00e0-Tam-300x184.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 665px) 100vw, 665px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4212\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Charles de Foucauld in front of his first chapel, in Tamanrasset.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4223\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4223\" style=\"width: 675px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4223 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Eglise-de-Tam-CC-YB-avril-1978-5-675x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"675\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Eglise-de-Tam-CC-YB-avril-1978-5-675x1024.jpg 675w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Eglise-de-Tam-CC-YB-avril-1978-5-198x300.jpg 198w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Eglise-de-Tam-CC-YB-avril-1978-5-768x1165.jpg 768w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Eglise-de-Tam-CC-YB-avril-1978-5-1013x1536.jpg 1013w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Eglise-de-Tam-CC-YB-avril-1978-5.jpg 1186w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 675px) 100vw, 675px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4223\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The church of Tamanrasset (April 1978). <em><span lang=\"en\">\u00a9 <\/span><\/em>CC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4224\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4224\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4224 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/H\u00f4tel-de-ville-de-Tam-YB-avril-1978-2-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/H\u00f4tel-de-ville-de-Tam-YB-avril-1978-2-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/H\u00f4tel-de-ville-de-Tam-YB-avril-1978-2-1024x679.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/H\u00f4tel-de-ville-de-Tam-YB-avril-1978-2-768x509.jpg 768w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/H\u00f4tel-de-ville-de-Tam-YB-avril-1978-2-1536x1018.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/H\u00f4tel-de-ville-de-Tam-YB-avril-1978-2.jpg 1798w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4224\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Town Hall in Tamanrasset. April 1978. <em><span lang=\"en\">\u00a9 <\/span><\/em>CC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4225\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4225\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4225 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Lh\u00f4pital-de-Tam-Y.B.-avril-1978-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Lh\u00f4pital-de-Tam-Y.B.-avril-1978-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Lh\u00f4pital-de-Tam-Y.B.-avril-1978-1024x680.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Lh\u00f4pital-de-Tam-Y.B.-avril-1978-768x510.jpg 768w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Lh\u00f4pital-de-Tam-Y.B.-avril-1978-1536x1020.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Lh\u00f4pital-de-Tam-Y.B.-avril-1978.jpg 1798w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4225\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Hospital in Tamanrasset. April 1978. <em><span lang=\"en\">\u00a9 <\/span><\/em>CC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; padding-left: 40px;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">I would like to take this opportunity to point out that the Assekrem plateau, surrounded by chimneys and basalt peaks, is considered to be one of the most beautiful places on the globe. The peaks of red rock delight the traveler who has spent his day climbing the massif and finally reaches the hermitage. <em>There is a marvelous view up there, even fantastic, one overlooks a tangle of wild and strange needles, to the north and to the south nothing stops the view: it is a beautiful place to adore the Creator<\/em> wrote Charles to his cousin Marie Moitessier.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4228\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4228\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4228 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Charles-de-Foucauld-dans-son-ermitage.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"650\" height=\"380\" srcset=\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Charles-de-Foucauld-dans-son-ermitage.jpg 650w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Charles-de-Foucauld-dans-son-ermitage-300x175.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4228\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span lang=\"en\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Charles de Foucauld in his hermitage. He spent there, at most, about five months.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4193\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4193\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4193 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Femmes-Touareg-1024x677.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"529\" srcset=\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Femmes-Touareg-1024x677.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Femmes-Touareg-300x198.jpg 300w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Femmes-Touareg-768x508.jpg 768w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Femmes-Touareg-1536x1016.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Femmes-Touareg.jpg 1798w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4193\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tuareg women, in front of the hermitage of Charles de Foucauld, at Assekrem. We recognize the indigo clothing, so characteristic of this people. <em>Photo: April 1978 <span lang=\"en\">\u00a9 <\/span><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A height that purifies and reveals the fragility and therefore the beauty, the nobility of man. Every man, every woman, every child.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4227\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4227\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4227 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Le-Hoggar-de-jour-Y.B.-Depuis-et-autour-de-lAssekrem-avril-1978-12-1024x640.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Le-Hoggar-de-jour-Y.B.-Depuis-et-autour-de-lAssekrem-avril-1978-12-1024x640.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Le-Hoggar-de-jour-Y.B.-Depuis-et-autour-de-lAssekrem-avril-1978-12-300x187.jpg 300w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Le-Hoggar-de-jour-Y.B.-Depuis-et-autour-de-lAssekrem-avril-1978-12-768x480.jpg 768w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Le-Hoggar-de-jour-Y.B.-Depuis-et-autour-de-lAssekrem-avril-1978-12-1536x959.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Le-Hoggar-de-jour-Y.B.-Depuis-et-autour-de-lAssekrem-avril-1978-12.jpg 1798w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4227\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; View of the Hoggar, in daylight. April 1978 \u00a9<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Foucauld evokes for me other characters who have either traveled or shown a similar sensitivity, or who have crossed other deserts. Antoine de Saint Exup\u00e9ry, almost his contemporary, evokes the poetry of Africa in the <em>Little Prince<\/em>: <em>I think he took advantage, for his escape, of a migration of wild birds<\/em>. Or else the hell of aridity, of torrid heat, of thirst, in Terre des Hommes: <em>We believe that man is free &#8230; We do not see the rope which connects him to the well, which connects him like an umbilical cord, to the belly of the earth. If he takes one more step, he dies<\/em><span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_5239_1('footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_6');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_5239_1('footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_6');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[6]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_5239_1_6\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">de SAINT-EXUPERY Antoine, <em>Terre des hommes <\/em>(Wind, Sand and Stars), Paris, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gallimard.fr\/Catalogue\/GALLIMARD\/Papeterie\/Papeterie\/Les-carnets-carres\/Carnet-carre-Terre-des-hommes-papeterie\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gallimard<\/a>, 1939, p149 (coll. Folio).<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_5239_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>. Thirst for meaning and unknown horizons for Charles, the explorer. Quest for an absolute for the philosopher Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt who, gone to write a screenplay about Charles de Foucauld, had lost his way, one night, in the middle of the Hoggar mountains, only to find better himself: I am entering inside the beyond-world [&#8230;] Dazzling; Flashing [&#8230;] The more I am progressing, the more the evidence is standing. &#8220;Everything has a meaning&#8221;. &#8220;Felicity&#8221;&#8230; Fire &#8230; A certainty shines above all: He exists <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_5239_1('footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_7');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_5239_1('footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_7');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[7]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_5239_1_7\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">SCHMITT Eric-Emmanuel, <em>La nuit de feu<\/em> (The night of Fire), Paris, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.albin-michel.fr\/ouvrages\/la-nuit-de-feu-9782226318299\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Albin Michel<\/a>, 2015, p137-140 (Coll. Poche). See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eric-emmanuel-schmitt.com\/literature.cfm?nomenclatureId=1770&amp;catalogid=911&amp;lang=EN\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Schmitt<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_7').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_5239_1_7', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>. Thirst for adventures as for Frison-Roche who explored the Hoggar during several of his expeditions <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_5239_1('footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_8');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_5239_1('footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_8');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[8]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_5239_1_8\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">FRISON-ROCHE Roger, <em>Appel du Hoggar<\/em> (Hoggar&#8217;s call), Paris, Flammarion, 1935; <em>La piste oubli\u00e9e<\/em> (The lost track), Grenoble, Arthaud, 320p<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_8').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_5239_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>. Foucauld, for me, is also linked to Paul Claudel, because of the mystical union between man and nature: <em>How all creation is with God in a deep mystery!<\/em> exclaims the architect Pierre de Craon, in the piece <em>L&#8217;annonce faite \u00e0 Marie<\/em> (<i>The Annunciation of Marie<\/i>)<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_5239_1('footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_9');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_5239_1('footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_9');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[9]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_5239_1_9\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">CLAUDEL Paul, The announcement made to Marie, Paris, Gallimard, coll. Folio, 1940, p18<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_9').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_5239_1_9', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4192\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4192\" style=\"width: 628px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4192 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Vitrail-C.-de-Foucauld-BdFb-628x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"628\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Vitrail-C.-de-Foucauld-BdFb-628x1024.jpg 628w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Vitrail-C.-de-Foucauld-BdFb-184x300.jpg 184w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Vitrail-C.-de-Foucauld-BdFb-768x1252.jpg 768w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Vitrail-C.-de-Foucauld-BdFb-943x1536.jpg 943w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Vitrail-C.-de-Foucauld-BdFb-1257x2048.jpg 1257w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Vitrail-C.-de-Foucauld-BdFb-scaled.jpg 1571w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 628px) 100vw, 628px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4192\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stained glass window depicting Charles de Foucauld. Basilica of the Sacred Heart, in Montmartre, Paris. <em>Photo: BdF, January 20, 2016.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">For a reason that I do not know, Charles also reflects the sensitivity of one of his contemporaries and of whom I am a fervent admirer: Guillaume de Kostrowitzky alias Apollinaire. Even in a geographical place with a lot of water <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_5239_1('footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_10');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_5239_1('footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_10');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[10]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_5239_1_10\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">I have written enough articles on the floods of the Seine River in the Paris Region to prove it.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_10').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_5239_1_10', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>, the human being remains facing his inner desert, his existential loneliness, his thirst for meaning: As under the bridge\/ Of our arms flows\/ The exhausted stream of everlasting stares<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_5239_1('footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_11');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_5239_1('footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_11');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[11]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_5239_1_11\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">APOLLINAIRE Guillaume, &#8220;Le Pont Mirabeau&#8221; in <em>Oeuvre Po\u00e9tiques<\/em> (Poetic Works) &#8211; Alcools, Paris, Gallimard, 1965, p45. Translation: <a href=\"https:\/\/lyricstranslate.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/lyricstranslate.com<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_11').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_5239_1_11', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>. The Sahara also brings me to the peri-urban deserts that Capdevielle evokes in his song: When you are in the desert, For too long, You wonder who it is for, All those a little rigged rules&nbsp; [&#8230;] Yesterday a man has come to me with a slightly trailing gait, He&#8217;s told me how many days you held, I replied: soon 30, I remember he hoped to go up to 40 [&#8230;] I&#8217;ve understood that I could soon regain the city. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_5239_1('footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_12');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_5239_1('footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_12');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[12]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_5239_1_12\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">CADEVIELLE Jean-Patrick, &#8220;Quand t&#8217;es dans le d\u00e9sert&#8221; in <em>Les enfants des t\u00e9n\u00e8bres et les anges de la rue<\/em> (&#8220;When you are in the desert&#8221; in <em>Children of darkness and the angels of the street)<\/em>, 1979, CBS Disques. [Accessed May 30, 2020], available at: <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C_mRN_iq1-k<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_12').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_5239_1_12', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">To explain Charles de Foucauld, it should also be remembered that the family cultivates a tradition either of the military (&#8220;giving oneself for one&#8217;s homeland&#8221;) or of a religious one (&#8220;giving oneself for one&#8217;s God&#8221;) for generations, even it means to risk one&#8217;s life as a Henri, perfectly German-speaking, by &#8220;slamming the door&#8221; and treating Renault officials &#8220;bastards&#8221; during the Franco-Nazi Collaboration then joining the Solognote Resistance<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_5239_1('footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_13');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_5239_1('footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_13');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[13]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_5239_1_13\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">The Sologne Region is a forest region, in Central France, just South of Orleans city<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_13').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_5239_1_13', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> where he will transport arms, during the Second World War; even if it meant breaking one&#8217;s career, as when colonel Camille-Louis de Foucauld, military attach\u00e9 to the French Embassy in Berlin (a very prestigious post at the time) refused,around 1905, to send the troops to requisition convents and monasteries (it would be a bit like asking today&#8217;s soldiers to come and ransack the offices of humanitarian NGOs); Even if it means, finally, like Charles in the XXth century, to offer one&#8217;s life for what one believes in, for Whom one believe in, like Armand de Foucauld, massacred with his entire community, in 1792, after leaving the diocese of Arles and &#8220;gone up&#8221; to Paris to join his archbishop, Jean Marie du Lau d&#8217;Allemans.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Charles de Foucauld also evokes, for me, the image of Christian de Cherg\u00e9 and the monks of Tibhirine <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_5239_1('footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_14');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_5239_1('footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_14');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[14]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_5239_1_14\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><em>Les moines de Tibhirine<\/em>, [consulted June 1, 2020]. Available at: <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.moines-tibhirine.org<\/span> \/<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_14').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_5239_1_14', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> who had voluntarily stayed in their monastery, in order to maintain fraternal links with the inhabitants, and who were murdered in 1996.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tribute to all the men and women, known or not, who give their lives to go to the end of their path. Tribute to all those who braved, and continue to so, the risks and the grueling work of medical or social care in times of epidemic. Tribute to all those who believe in human beings, in their physical and spiritual essence, and who are ready to testify about them in the deserts and mountains of our urban solitudes.<\/p>\n<p id=\"tw-target-text\" class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large XcVN5d tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Traduction\"><em><span lang=\"en\">(Cover photo: Le Hoggar, in front of Charles de Foucauld&#8217;s hermitage. April 1978. <\/span><span lang=\"en\">\u00a9 <\/span><span lang=\"en\">CC)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Traduction\">[scu name=&#8221;map&#8221;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_5239_1();\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_5239_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_5239_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_5239_1\" style=\"display: none;\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_5239_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_1');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_1\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">BAZIN Ren\u00e9, <em>Charles de Foucauld &#8211; Explorateur du Maroc, ermite au Sahara<\/em>, Paris, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nouvellecite.fr\/?s=Charles+de+Foucauld+-+Explorateur+du+Maroc%2C+ermite+au+Sahara&amp;post_type=product&amp;title=1&amp;excerpt=0&amp;content=0&amp;categories=1&amp;attributes=1&amp;tags=1&amp;sku=0&amp;orderby=title&amp;ixwps=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nouvelle Cit\u00e9<\/a>, r\u00e9\u00e9d 2003 (\u00e9d. orig : 1921), 543p. Lire \u00e9galement : SIXT Jean-Fran\u00e7ois, <em>Charles de Foucauld : sa vie, sa voie<\/em>, Paris, <a title=\"Art\u00e8ge\" href=\"https:\/\/www.laprocure.com\/editeurs\/artege-0-765034.html\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Art\u00e8ge<\/a> , collection <a title=\"Poche\" href=\"https:\/\/www.laprocure.com\/collections\/poche-0-329958.html\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Poche<\/a> , <span class=\"livre-date-sortie\">avril 2016. <\/span>SIXT Jean-Fran\u00e7ois, <em>Le grand r\u00eave de Charles de Foucauld et Louis Massignon<\/em>, Paris, <a title=\"Albin Michel\" href=\"https:\/\/www.laprocure.com\/editeurs\/albin-michel-0-71760.html\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Albin Michel<\/a>, collection <a title=\"Spiritualit\u00e9s\" href=\"https:\/\/www.laprocure.com\/collections\/spiritualites-0-21272.html\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Spiritualit\u00e9s<\/a> , <span class=\"livre-date-sortie\">mars 2008. SOURISSEAU Pierre, <\/span>Charles de Foucauld : 1858-1916 : biographie, Paris, <a title=\"Salvator\" href=\"https:\/\/www.laprocure.com\/editeurs\/salvator-0-72144.html\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Salvator<\/a> , collection <a title=\"Biographie\" href=\"https:\/\/www.laprocure.com\/collections\/biographie-0-51929.html\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Biographie<\/a> , <span class=\"livre-date-sortie\">juillet 2016. CHATELARD Antoine, <\/span><em>Charles de Foucauld : le chemin vers Tamanrasset<\/em>,<a title=\"Karthala\" href=\"https:\/\/www.laprocure.com\/editeurs\/karthala-0-78146.html\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Karthala<\/a> , collection <a title=\"Chr\u00e9tiens en libert\u00e9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.laprocure.com\/collections\/chretiens-liberte-0-5577.html\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Chr\u00e9tiens en libert\u00e9<\/a> , <span class=\"livre-date-sortie\">f\u00e9vrier 2002<\/span>. <span class=\"livre-date-sortie\">CHATELARD Antoine, <\/span><em>La mort de Charles de Foucauld<\/em>, Paris, <a title=\"Karthala\" href=\"https:\/\/www.laprocure.com\/editeurs\/karthala-0-78146.html\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Karthala<\/a>, collection <a title=\"Tropiques\" href=\"https:\/\/www.laprocure.com\/collections\/tropiques-0-40081.html\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tropiques<\/a> , <span class=\"livre-date-sortie\">novembre 200. <span class=\"rush-component s-latency-cf-section\" data-component-type=\"s-search-results\" data-component-id=\"8\"><span class=\"celwidget slot=MAIN template=SEARCH_RESULTS widgetId=search-results\" data-cel-widget=\"MAIN-SEARCH_RESULTS\">CASTILLON du PERRON Marguerite, <em>Charles de Foucauld<\/em><\/span><\/span>, Paris, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.grasset.fr\/livres\/charles-de-foucauld-9782246273615\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Grasset<\/a>, 2014, 521p<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_5239_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_2');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_2\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Located at 184 boulevard St Germain, in Paris, right next to the Institute of Geography of the Sorbonne where I wrote, under the direction of Pr emeritus Michel Carmona, my own thesis, dedicated in particular to Charles, and which focused on among others on the Maghreb or black African families in the deprived North-Eastern part of paris Region, another today&#8217;s &#8220;periphery&#8221;<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_5239_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_3');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_3\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><span class=\"livre-date-sortie\">de MARIGNAN Jean-Fran\u00e7ois, <em>Sur les pas de Charles de Foucauld <\/em>(<\/span><span lang=\"en\">In Charles de Foucauld&#8217;s footsteps)<\/span><span class=\"livre-date-sortie\">, [consulted 1st June 2020]. Available at : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.portailsudmaroc.com\/charles-foucauld\/1\/sur-pas-charles-de-foucauld-rif-maroc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sur les pas de Charles de Foucauld<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_5239_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_4');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_4\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Tamanrasset nickname<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_5239_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_5');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_5\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">The fact that Charles de Foucauld developed links with the French military gave the impression to certain historians that Charles was a spy. Personally, I have no opinion on the question but this idea seems to me rather absurd, given the Father&#8217;s own state of life.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_5239_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_6');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_6\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">de SAINT-EXUPERY Antoine, <em>Terre des hommes <\/em>(Wind, Sand and Stars), Paris, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gallimard.fr\/Catalogue\/GALLIMARD\/Papeterie\/Papeterie\/Les-carnets-carres\/Carnet-carre-Terre-des-hommes-papeterie\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gallimard<\/a>, 1939, p149 (coll. Folio).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_5239_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_7');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_7\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">SCHMITT Eric-Emmanuel, <em>La nuit de feu<\/em> (The night of Fire), Paris, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.albin-michel.fr\/ouvrages\/la-nuit-de-feu-9782226318299\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Albin Michel<\/a>, 2015, p137-140 (Coll. Poche). See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eric-emmanuel-schmitt.com\/literature.cfm?nomenclatureId=1770&amp;catalogid=911&amp;lang=EN\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Schmitt<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_5239_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_8');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_8\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">FRISON-ROCHE Roger, <em>Appel du Hoggar<\/em> (Hoggar&#8217;s call), Paris, Flammarion, 1935; <em>La piste oubli\u00e9e<\/em> (The lost track), Grenoble, Arthaud, 320p<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_5239_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_9');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_9\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">CLAUDEL Paul, The announcement made to Marie, Paris, Gallimard, coll. Folio, 1940, p18<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_5239_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_10');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_10\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">I have written enough articles on the floods of the Seine River in the Paris Region to prove it.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_5239_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_11');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_11\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">APOLLINAIRE Guillaume, &#8220;Le Pont Mirabeau&#8221; in <em>Oeuvre Po\u00e9tiques<\/em> (Poetic Works) &#8211; Alcools, Paris, Gallimard, 1965, p45. Translation: <a href=\"https:\/\/lyricstranslate.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/lyricstranslate.com<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_5239_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_12');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_12\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>12<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">CADEVIELLE Jean-Patrick, &#8220;Quand t&#8217;es dans le d\u00e9sert&#8221; in <em>Les enfants des t\u00e9n\u00e8bres et les anges de la rue<\/em> (&#8220;When you are in the desert&#8221; in <em>Children of darkness and the angels of the street)<\/em>, 1979, CBS Disques. [Accessed May 30, 2020], available at: <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C_mRN_iq1-k<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_5239_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_13');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_13\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>13<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">The Sologne Region is a forest region, in Central France, just South of Orleans city<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_5239_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_5239_1_14');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_5239_1_14\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>14<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>Les moines de Tibhirine<\/em>, [consulted June 1, 2020]. Available at: <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.moines-tibhirine.org<\/span> \/<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_5239_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_5239_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_5239_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_5239_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_5239_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_5239_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_5239_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_5239_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_5239_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_5239_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_5239_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_5239_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_5239_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_5239_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I rarely talk about my family. But the Vatican City&#8217;s announcement on Thursday May 28th of the canonization of Charles<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4186,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[38,45],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5239","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environnement_en","category-poesie-des-territoires_en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Charles de Foucauld: An Explorer Till The End of His Path - ContribCity<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/en\/2020\/06\/16\/charles-de-foucauld-an-explorer-till-the-end-of-his-path\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Charles de Foucauld: An Explorer Till The End of His Path - ContribCity\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"I rarely talk about my family. 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