{"id":7078,"date":"2021-03-04T19:54:39","date_gmt":"2021-03-04T18:54:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/?p=7078"},"modified":"2021-03-04T21:36:32","modified_gmt":"2021-03-04T20:36:32","slug":"les-annees-folles-brooklyn-et-la-rhapsody-in-blue-de-george-gershwin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/2021\/03\/04\/les-annees-folles-brooklyn-et-la-rhapsody-in-blue-de-george-gershwin\/","title":{"rendered":"Les \u201cAnn\u00e9es folles\u201d, Brooklyn et la &#8220;Rhapsody in Blue&#8221; de George Gershwin"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">N\u00e9 en 1898 \u00e0 Broadway, George Gershwin, de son nom de naissance Jacob Gershowitz, fut l\u2019un des ma\u00eetres de la musique m\u00ealant le style classique, populaire ainsi que celui du jazz. Il poss\u00e8de \u00e9galement des talents pour la peinture, la danse et discutait de litt\u00e9rature et de po\u00e9sie.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Il est le cadet d\u2019une famille juive immigr\u00e9e de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg. Avec son grand fr\u00e8re Ira, parolier, ils travaill\u00e8rent ensemble pour l\u2019\u00e9criture des textes de ses musiques et com\u00e9dies musicales.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ayant commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 prendre des le\u00e7ons de piano \u00e0 10 ans avec Charles Hambitzer, il se d\u00e9tourna&nbsp; de l\u2019\u00e9cole \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge de 15 ans pour travailler comme interpr\u00e8te &nbsp;chez <em>Remick and Company<\/em>, une maison d\u2019\u00e9ditions. Durant cette p\u00e9riode, il d\u00e9veloppa sa technique personnelle.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Son premier succ\u00e8s fut celui avec <em>Swanee<\/em> en 1919, avec un enregistrement avec Al Jolson, et fut vendu \u00e0 deux millions d\u2019exemplaires.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sa vie l\u2019emmena \u00e0 rencontrer <a href=\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/2020\/05\/18\/le-concerto-en-sol-de-ravel\/?highlight=Ravel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Maurice Ravel<\/a> en 1928 afin d\u2019esp\u00e9rer d\u2019apprendre la composition en sa compagnie. Celui-ci lui r\u00e9pondit : \u00ab <em>S\u2019il est vrai que vous gagnez des centaines de milliers de dollars avec vos chansons, c\u2019est plut\u00f4t \u00e0 vous de me donner des le\u00e7ons&nbsp;!\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">D\u2019autres compositeurs furent \u00e9tudi\u00e9s tels que Berg, Debussy, Stravinsky, Chostakovitch et Sch\u00f6nberg dont il \u00e9tait partenaire au tennis et qui lui peigna un autoportrait.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Gershwin s\u2019installa \u00e0 Hollywood pour participer \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation de la musique du film <em>Shall We Dance?<\/em>, avec son fr\u00e8re Ira. Apr\u00e8s avoir eu quelques sauts d\u2019humeur et \u00eatre tomber dans le coma, un diagnostic signala une tumeur c\u00e9r\u00e9brale et il mourut avant 39 ans en 1937.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Son h\u00e9ritage musical nous laisse des \u0153uvres telles que <em>Un Am\u00e9ricain \u00e0 Paris<\/em>, <em>Porgy and Bess<\/em> avec son fameux <em>Summer Time<\/em>, et sa Seconde Rhapsody <em>Variations sur \u00ab I Got Rythm \u00bb<\/em>.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 420px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kalw.org\/sites\/kalw\/files\/styles\/medium\/public\/201306\/1919-swanee-al-jolson-sheet-d45.jpg\" alt=\"Swanee&quot; by Al Jolson | KALW\" width=\"420\" height=\"579\"><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Swanee<\/em>, son premier succ\u00e8s, enregistr\u00e9 avec Al Jolson en 1919.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure style=\"width: 427px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a6\/Ravel_Gershwin_Leide-Tedesco002.jpg\" alt=\"Fichier:Ravel Gershwin Leide-Tedesco002.jpg \u2014 Wikip\u00e9dia\" width=\"427\" height=\"337\"><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Rencontre avec Maurice Ravel en 1928<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure style=\"width: 439px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.classicfm.com\/2013\/28\/gershwin-painting-schoenberg-1374071392-view-0.jpg\" alt=\"George Gershwin painting Arnold Schoenberg - Composers at leisure: 17 amazing... - Classic FM\" width=\"439\" height=\"326\"><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sch\u00f6nberg faisant son autoprotrait qu&#8217;il offrit ensuite \u00e0 Gershwin.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Focalisons-nous maintenant sur la <em>Rhaspody in Blue<\/em>, premi\u00e8re grande \u0153uvre du jazz symphonique.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/images.squarespace-cdn.com\/content\/v1\/586d1858197aeaa909507899\/1494429008944-5K2ORDZ1JIP6VI7DJERK\/ke17ZwdGBToddI8pDm48kLYH0hzLuEhrdZC2JoO9DgsUqsxRUqqbr1mOJYKfIPR7LoDQ9mXPOjoJoqy81S2I8N_N4V1vUb5AoIIIbLZhVYxCRW4BPu10St3TBAUQYVKcbNgZWzkHaYjM4K9L8BsuJL_aQBO-_e2cGKjcm9i_T-VT-xxz_071dZHvl6TnJN2h\/image-asset.jpeg\" alt=\"2017-2018 Season \u2014 Timpanogos Symphony Orchestra\" width=\"461\" height=\"344\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Suite \u00e0 un article <em>Qu&#8217;est-ce que la musique am\u00e9ricaine ?<\/em>, paru dans le <em>New York Tribune<\/em> du 4 janvier 1924, Ira Gershwin d\u00e9couvrit que son fr\u00e8re serait le compositeur d&#8217;un concerto command\u00e9 par le chef d&#8217;orchestre Paul Whiteman, dit Pops. Ce concerto devait se jouer en f\u00e9vrier 1924 \u00e0 New York \u00e0 l&#8217;Aeolian Hall.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 413px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meencantaelswing.files.wordpress.com\/2020\/05\/paul-whiteman-george-gershwinjpg-e1590190998595.jpg\" alt=\"Paul Whiteman, \u201cel Rey del Jazz\u201d \u2013 Me encanta el swing\" width=\"413\" height=\"324\"><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Georges Gerswhin et Ferde Grofe<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ne lui restant que cinq semaines, Gershwin accepta finalement de composer malgr\u00e9 l&#8217;\u00e9chec de son premier op\u00e9ra jazz <em>Blue Monday<\/em>. Les premi\u00e8res id\u00e9es de th\u00e8me lui viennent \u00e0 l&#8217;esprit dans un train entre New York et Boston. Ecrite initialement pour deux pianos, Ferde GROFE, compositeur et pianiste am\u00e9ricain, orchestra le concerto par divers arrangements. La premi\u00e8re eu lieu le 12 f\u00e9vrier 1924 \u00e0 New York sous le titre <em>An Experiment in Modern Music<\/em>.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 413px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/img.discogs.com\/N1Te3b59BrZRhxikNM0RfKdYoXE=\/454x535\/smart\/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb():quality(90)\/discogs-images\/A-524182-1429794244-5823.jpeg.jpg\" alt=\"Ferde Grof\u00e9 | Discographie | Discogs\" width=\"413\" height=\"487\"><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ferde Grofe, compositeur et pianiste am\u00e9ricain.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La structure de ce morceau diff\u00e8re de celle du concerto qui est d\u00e9clin\u00e9 en trois parties tandis que la rhapsody fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 une pi\u00e8ce de forme libre, avec des th\u00e8mes populaires, \u00e9crite ici en une seule partie. D&#8217;autres rhapsodies sont c\u00e9l\u00e8bres telles que les \u00ab Rhapsodies hongroises \u00bb de Liszt.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L&#8217;introduction mythique avec ce fameux glissando \u00e0 la clarinette qui fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence au Klezmer, jou\u00e9 \u00e0 une r\u00e9p\u00e9tition par Ross Gorman, fut tout de suite accept\u00e9 par Gershwin qui modifia la partition originale.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Six grands th\u00e8mes se succ\u00e8dent dans plusieurs parties qui peuvent \u00eatre:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A &#8211; B &#8211; A &#8211; C -A \/ C &#8211; A &#8211; C &#8211; A &#8211; A \/ D &#8211; B &#8211; B &#8211; B &#8211; E &#8211; A \/ E &#8211; E &#8211; E \/ F &#8211; F &#8211; F &#8211; F \/ B &#8211; A &#8211; C<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le th\u00e8me A (du refrain) est ainsi amen\u00e9 \u00e0 la clarinette accompagn\u00e9 des cors et trombones. Il sera repris plusieurs fois par les trompettes avec des sourdines wah-wah, le piano et l&#8217;orchestre, et en piano solo.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/de\/Rhap_in_blue_opening.jpg\/310px-Rhap_in_blue_opening.jpg\" alt=\"Rhapsodie en bleu - Rhapsody in Blue - qaz.wiki\" width=\"535\" height=\"295\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le th\u00e8me B (de la marche) jou\u00e9 par les trombones au tout d\u00e9part puis \u00e0 la clarinette solo au milieu de la pi\u00e8ce, \u00e0 l&#8217;orchestre ainsi qu&#8217;au piano solo. Il est repris au final par une annonce d&#8217;une mont\u00e9e chromatique allegro et crescendo, un mouvement de caisse claire et un accord dissonant des cuivres.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le th\u00e8me C est principalement repris au piano \u00e0 l&#8217;exception du final o\u00f9 l&#8217;orchestre le joue ensemble.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le th\u00e8me D (du train ) est amen\u00e9 initialement par un <em>Flatterzunge<\/em> \u00e0 la trompette, qui est un mouvement rapide de la langue sur&nbsp; l&#8217;instrument.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le th\u00e8me E (du <em>shuffle<\/em>) \u00e0 l&#8217;orchestre en chant puis en piano solo, d&#8217;abord dans un tempo lento puis rubato, et dans le registre grave jusqu&#8217;\u00e0 une acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration qui montera dans les aigus pour se terminer dans le calme.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le th\u00e8me F (de l&#8217;amour) repr\u00e9sente l&#8217;accalmie dans cette musique riche en rebondissements avec les diverses modulations des th\u00e8mes, les rythmes, les fragmentations, les coupures, les tempos, la virtuosit\u00e9 et les orchestrations changeantes.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Plusieurs versions seront propos\u00e9es et celle de 1942 sera la version la plus interpr\u00e9t\u00e9e de nos jours.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Quelques grandes interpr\u00e9tations connues:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Herbie Hancock et Gustavo Dudamel \/ Leonard Bernstein \/ James Levine \/ Louis Ortie et Charles Dutoit \/ Oscar Levant et Eugene Ormandy<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Deux versions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9es entre Gershwin et Whiteman en 1924 et 1927.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>George \u00e9crivait pour les pieds<\/em> disait Fred Astaire, grand danseur, acteur, magicien et compositeur connaissant bien les fr\u00e8res Gershwin.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.artnet.fr\/WebServices\/images\/ll1220046llgZotCfDrCWvaHBOAD\/bob-landry-fred-astaire,-putting-on-the-ritz.jpg\" alt=\"Fred Astaire, Putting on the Ritz par Bob Landry sur artnet\" width=\"460\" height=\"579\"><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Rhapsody In Blue: Gershwin\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ynEOo28lsbc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><em>Photo de couverture : Jacob Gershowitz, dit George Gershwin, et son fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9 Ira qui fut son parolier.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Mise en page : B. de Foucauld.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N\u00e9 en 1898 \u00e0 Broadway, George Gershwin, de son nom de naissance Jacob Gershowitz, fut l\u2019un des ma\u00eetres de la<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":7122,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7078","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-poesie-des-territoires"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Les \u201cAnn\u00e9es folles\u201d, Brooklyn et la &quot;Rhapsody in Blue&quot; 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