{"id":929,"date":"2019-09-12T16:12:48","date_gmt":"2019-09-12T14:12:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/?p=929"},"modified":"2020-04-03T18:02:16","modified_gmt":"2020-04-03T16:02:16","slug":"rurbanity-the-example-of-metz-france-1st-part","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/en\/2019\/09\/12\/rurbanity-the-example-of-metz-france-1st-part\/","title":{"rendered":"Rurbanisation: The Example Of Metz, France (1\/2)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-placeholder=\"Traduction\"><span tabindex=\"0\" lang=\"en\">In my article of August 13th, 2019, I showed that Metz had assets in the three economic sectors: agriculture (in particular cereals and livestock), advanced industry (notably in automobile) and services (research, consulting , tourism, culture) <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">de FOUCAULD Bertrand, <em>The Agglomeration Of Metz: Why So Many Underexploited Assets<\/em>? Available at: <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/en\/2019\/08\/26\/metz-agglomeration-france-why-so-many-underexploited-assets\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>. <span tabindex=\"0\" lang=\"en\">As such, the outskirts of Metz play a vital role in the urban area by providing the necessary resources for the daily life of the latter. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-placeholder=\"Traduction\"><span tabindex=\"0\" lang=\"en\">(Cover photo: view of the village of Failly, located just outside the north-eastern periphery of Metz-M\u00e9tropole taken from the former German railway line, upstream and north of the village. BdF, August 24, 2019).<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tw-target-text\" class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-placeholder=\"Traduction\"><span tabindex=\"0\" lang=\"en\">What is rurbanity? <\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-placeholder=\"Traduction\"><span tabindex=\"0\" lang=\"en\">Today, we will approach the furthest part of the urban zone, that of the rurban area. But what does <em>rurban<\/em> mean? Resulting from the fusion between the words <em>rural<\/em> and <em>urban<\/em>, this term means a territory that has kept a rural aspect, with the presence of fields for example, but partly inhabited, and in a growing way, by households exercising an activity in the city, therefore in the secondary (industry) or tertiary (services) sectors <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">As a reminder, an accountant, even if he works for the Ministry of Agriculture, is employed in the service sector, thus in the tertiary sector<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>. At the national level, persons with jobs in the agricultural sector (in the broad sense of the term) accounted for 2.8% of the French labor force in 2014 <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[3]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">INSEE, <em>Population en emploi selon le sexe et le secteur d&#8217;activit\u00e9<\/em> (Employed population by gender and sector of activity), 1st March 2016, [visited on 2nd September 2019]. Available at: <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.insee.fr\/en\/statistiques\/1906677?sommaire=1906743<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>, <\/span><span tabindex=\"0\" lang=\"en\">with a number of farms which has dropped by more than half between 1993 and 2013, and with the [large farms] average area now exceeding 100 hectares <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[4]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">INSEE, <em>Exploitations agricoles <\/em>(Farms), 20th February 2013, [read on the 2nd of September 2019]. Available at: <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.insee.fr\/fr\/statistiques\/1374189?sommaire=1374192<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_838\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-838\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-838 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Ferme-\u00e0-lentr\u00e9e-de-Nouilly-1-1024x263.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"205\" srcset=\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Ferme-\u00e0-lentr\u00e9e-de-Nouilly-1-1024x263.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Ferme-\u00e0-lentr\u00e9e-de-Nouilly-1-300x77.jpg 300w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Ferme-\u00e0-lentr\u00e9e-de-Nouilly-1-768x198.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-838\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span tabindex=\"0\" lang=\"en\">Farm at the entrance of the village of Nouilly. It is both close to the village since it touches the urbanized fabric of the latter, and enough outside to facilitate access to meadows, fields and other farm buildings. Photo on the left: the barn with hay on the left and the farmhouse on the right, both located at the entrance of the village. Picture on the right: the cowshed. There is a cistern (about 40m3). Photos: BdF, August 24th, 2019.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Assets Of Those Territories<\/h2>\n<div id=\"tw-target-text-container\" class=\"tw-ta-container tw-nfl\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p id=\"tw-target-text\" class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Traduction\"><span tabindex=\"0\" lang=\"en\">These rural areas have many advantages in terms of living environment. In the regional cities, and especially in Metz, countryside can be reached in 20 minutes, by car, from the city center,&nbsp; with a smooth traffic (30 minutes in rush hour) <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[5]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">to compare with 45 minutes minimum to reach a rural territory, beyond Saint-Germain-en-Laye in the west or Marne-la-Vall\u00e9e in the east, from Notre-Dame-de-Paris, in Ile-de-France Region<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>. The cost of real estate, in these rural areas close to the urban area of \u200b\u200bMetz, is particularly interesting for young households who start both their professional and family life. Even if the market value of a field (calculated per hectare) can be multiplied up to 50 <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_6');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_6');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[6]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_6\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">or more<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> if it is made constructable by the mayor &#8211; and in this case the price of this land not won&#8217;t any longer be estimated per hectare but per square meter, that is to say, according to a surface unit 10,000 times smaller, a strong sign of the change of function and price of this parcel &#8211; this land which has become constructible will nevertheless represent a financial and real estate opportunity: a young couple can build or buy a larger dwelling than in downtown. This dwelling will usually be a house with garden, in a &#8220;green&#8221; environment, with perhaps a little river passing in the vicinity, as the stream north of Failly flowing from the pond below the Bois de Monsieur and Bois Driat east of the village, or as the creek of Quarante which crosses Nouilly.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"tw-target-text\" class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Traduction\"><span tabindex=\"0\" lang=\"en\">The promoters have understood these mechanisms and, through meetings with elected officials notably at fairs, look for opportunities: agricultural lands that will soon be registered, in the local Master Plan, no longer as a rural zone but as an urban area. These real estate developers do not only employ construction workers (from countries within or outside the European Union) to develop these land (roads and fluids distribution) but also architecture and \/or urban planning, engineering consultancies and participate in the creation of commercial zones to supply young newly arrived households who take advantage of those equipment to give birth to children. All of this participates into creating a real economic tissue. These municipalities, having seen their urban zone growing, first of all by the sprawl <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_7');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_7');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[7]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_7\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">The sprawl of the rural space consists in the a little anarchic establishment of houses. The arrival of urban planning rules may eventually slow down or stop the construction on the concerned area but will also move the trend further away to the periphery<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_7').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_7', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> and by the unification of the built plots (streets, houses, apartments, administrations, offices, public works of art such as water castles), while that of the main city of the metropolis (the first being most often located in the center of the latter) also widened and joined the urban area of \u200b\u200bthe village became suburban city, before being administratively integrated in the long term by the main town, like the district of Planti\u00e8res-Queuleu, located in the eastern part of Metz: Planti\u00e8res was formerly an independent town, which was attached in 1789 to Queuleu (known for its fortress), before integrating the metropolis in 1908 <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_8');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_8');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[8]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_8\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">TOUT METZ, &#8220;District Planti\u00e8res-Queuleu Metz&#8221; in The District of the city of Metz, 2010-2011, [seen 03 \/ 09\/2019]. Available on: <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/tout-metz.com\/quartiers\/metz-plantieres-queuleu<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_8').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"tw-target-text\" class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Traduction\"><span tabindex=\"0\" lang=\"en\">These territories, with both urban and rural features, are sometimes home to cultural and\/or tourist attractions that bring a particular character to the place. As an example, the villages of Failly and Nouilly still have remains of the German railway line: the former path and the beginning of a viaduct at Failly and a tunnel in Nouilly (the longest in the region ). These historical remains remind inhabitants and visitors of the history of this area and could possibly serve as a starting point for a theme circuit on the Germanic contributions, in terms of construction, to the Alsace-Lorraine Region.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_848\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-848\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-848 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Viaduc-de-Failly-1024x363.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"284\" srcset=\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Viaduc-de-Failly-1024x363.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Viaduc-de-Failly-300x106.jpg 300w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Viaduc-de-Failly-768x273.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-848\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Remains of the viaduct Failly on the old line Metz-city &lt;-&gt; Uberherrn. This line was put into service in 1908 by the Germans who destroyed the viaduct in 1944. The latter was the longest of the Alsace-Lorraine network (574 m) and measured 34 m in height. The tunnel, which still exists and which extended the viaduct to the south, to connect Nouilly, was the second longest of this same network. On the left, the departure of the viaduct (east side). On the right, pillar foundations, eastern side. Photos: BdF, August 24th, 2019.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"z6maec\" class=\"tw-ta-container tw-nfl\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Traduction\">Risks For The Metropolitan Area<\/h2>\n<p class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Traduction\"><span tabindex=\"0\" lang=\"en\">But beware! Living conditions and environment are two different things: a place can offer pleasant living conditions while presenting pollution issues. In this respect, on the long-term, rurban areas can increase emissions of greenhouse gases (CO2) and \/ or pollutants (CO). They see their traffic increase and thus encourage the construction of new roads or highways to connect these areas to the peri-urban crown, or even to downtown. Thus, north of the island where Fort Moselle is located, motorists coming from the west of Metz can park for free (if they have a subscription to the Metz public transports) on the car park located between the Ebl\u00e9 and Jean-Monnet bridges. But one can also take the A31 highway that crosses the city by a South-East \/ North loop and passes at less than 500 m, as the crow flies, from the very dense medieval city center. Similarly, the Eastern expressway that extends the A314 highway (East of Metz), passes at less than 250m from the Porte des Allemands, that is to say the eastern entrance of the old town.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_877\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-877\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-877 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Carte-centre-Metz-1024x524.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"409\" srcset=\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Carte-centre-Metz-1024x524.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Carte-centre-Metz-300x154.jpg 300w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Carte-centre-Metz-768x393.jpg 768w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Carte-centre-Metz.jpg 1684w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-877\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span tabindex=\"0\" lang=\"en\">Top map: the distance between the A31 highway and the city center is less than 500m. Bottom map: The distance between the Eastern expressway (<em>voie rapide est<\/em>) and the Eastern entrance of the old town is less than 250 m. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_9');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_9');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[9]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_9\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">IGN, G\u00e9oportail, available at: <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.geoportail.gouv.fr\/carte<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_9').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_9', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-879 size-large aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Carte-centre-Metz-1-1-1024x523.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"409\" srcset=\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Carte-centre-Metz-1-1-1024x523.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Carte-centre-Metz-1-1-300x153.jpg 300w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Carte-centre-Metz-1-1-768x392.jpg 768w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Carte-centre-Metz-1-1.jpg 1671w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_843\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-843\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-843 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Parking-gratuit-et-transports-en-commun-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Parking-gratuit-et-transports-en-commun-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Parking-gratuit-et-transports-en-commun-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Parking-gratuit-et-transports-en-commun-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-843\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span tabindex=\"0\" lang=\"en\">Panel of a parking at the entrance of Metz public transports (<em>Le MET&#8217;<\/em>). The network subscribers do not pay for their parking. The inhabitants of the peri-urban and rurban areas of the metropolis are therefore encouraged not to enter with their vehicles in the dense medieval city center. This type of transport organization is found in other regional capitals such as Bordeaux for example. Photos: BdF, August 28th, 2019.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-placeholder=\"Traduction\"><span tabindex=\"0\" lang=\"en\">The other consequence of the rurbanisation of the territories: the sprawl of constructed areas in the countryside which surrounding the metropolis inexorably leads to the urbanization of these rural areas. This urbanization leads to the artificialization of land, through the construction of roads and buildings, and therefore an increase in the risk of major flooding for areas located near rivers. As a reminder, a vegetated land will absorb some of the precipitation and therefore will curb the overflow of the stream below. A paved road, or an allotment, will accelerate the evacuation of rain to the creek or river of the local watershed. At the scale of the metropolis, it is the center of Metz, located on the Moselle which is most at risk: catastrophic floods punctuate the history of the city. Global warming and urban sprawl contribute to increase not only the frequency of these floods but also their strength. The level of the highest known waters in Metz is likely to increase in the coming decade. The construction of dams or dikes provides a respite only to the extent that the flood remains average. In the case of an exceptional flood, these public facilities can be counterproductive by holding back water while the water level has already begun to drop <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_10');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_10');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[10]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_10\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">cf : de FOUCAULD Bertrand, Urbanisation And Floods (London &amp; Paris), 6th July 2019. Available at: <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/en\/2019\/07\/06\/urbanisation-and-the-fluvial-risk-factor\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_10').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_10', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-placeholder=\"Traduction\"><span tabindex=\"0\" lang=\"en\">Additional bibliography<\/span> <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_11');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_11');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[11]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_11\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">METZ, <em>Berges du plan d&#8217;eau<\/em>, [vu le 4 septembre 2019]. Disponible sur : <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/metz.fr\/lieux\/lieu-963.php<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_11').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_11', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_12');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_12');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[12]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_12\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">METROPOLE DE METZ, &#8220;Quartier de Borny \u00e0 Metz&#8221; in <em>Tout Metz &#8211; Actualit\u00e9s r\u00e9gionales &amp; agenda<\/em>, le 5 septembre 2019, [vu le 5 septembre 2019]. Disponible sur : <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/tout-metz.com\/quartiers\/metz-borny<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_12').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_12', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_13');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_13');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[13]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_13\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">MELCHIOR, <em>Croissance z\u00e9ro et la d\u00e9croissance<\/em>, [vu le 5 septembre 2019]. Disponible sur : <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.melchior.fr\/notion\/la-croissance-zero-et-la-decroissance<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_13').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_13', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_14');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_14');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[14]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_14\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">INSEE, &#8220;Metz-M\u00e9tropole perd des habitants entre 2010 et 2015, du fait d\u2019une faible attractivit\u00e9 r\u00e9sidentielle&#8221; in <em>Dossier Grand Est n\u00b0 9<\/em>, ao\u00fbt 2018, [vu le 4 septembre 2019]. Disponible sur : <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.insee.fr\/fr\/statistiques\/3600178?sommaire=3600210<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_14').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_14', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_15');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_15');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[15]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_15\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">MERLIN Pierre, <em>Les grands ensembles<\/em>, Paris, La Documentation fran\u00e7aise, 2010, 209p<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_15').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_15', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_16');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_16');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[16]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_16\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">BAUD Pascal, BOURGEAT Serge et BRAS Catherine, <em>Dictionnaire de g\u00e9ographie<\/em>, Paris, Hatier, 2003, 544 p<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_16').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_16', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_17');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_17');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[17]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_17\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">GEORGE Pierre, VERGER Fernand, <em>Dictionnaire de la g\u00e9ographie<\/em>. 8e \u00e9d, Paris, PUF, 2004, 462 p<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_17').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_17', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_18');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_18');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[18]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_18\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">DAUPHINE Andr\u00e9, <em>Risques et catastrophes &#8211; Observer, spatialiser, comprendre, g\u00e9rer<\/em>, Paris, Armand Colin, 2005, 288p<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_18').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_18', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_19');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_19');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[19]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_19\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">SALOMON Jean-No\u00ebl, <em>L\u2019Homme face aux crues et aux inondations<\/em>, Bordeaux, Presses universitaires de Bordeaux, 1997, 136 p<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_19').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_19', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_20');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_20');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[20]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_20\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">LAZARO Timothy, <em>Urban hydrology: a multidisciplinary perspective<\/em>. (revised edition), USA, Technomic Publishing Co, 1990, 243 p<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_20').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_20', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_21');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_929_1('footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_21');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_21\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[21]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_21\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">GRAFMEYER Yves, <em>Sociologie urbaine<\/em>, S.l., Armand Colin, 2005, 128 p<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_21').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_929_1_21', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_845\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-845\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-845 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Niveau-de-crue-de-la-Moselle-\u00e0-Metz-2-1024x486.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"380\" srcset=\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Niveau-de-crue-de-la-Moselle-\u00e0-Metz-2-1024x486.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Niveau-de-crue-de-la-Moselle-\u00e0-Metz-2-300x142.jpg 300w, https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Niveau-de-crue-de-la-Moselle-\u00e0-Metz-2-768x364.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-845\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span tabindex=\"0\" lang=\"en\">Signs indicating the highest flood of the Moselle at Metz: 8.90 m on December 30, 1947. Other panels, present on the other side of the pile located at the south-east end of the Pont des Morts, show that the regional capital is accustomed to exceptional floods. The various hydraulic structures make it possible to control the flows of the watershed, and in particular of the Seille and the Moselle rivers, on the condition that the basin precipitations remain at an average level. In the case of exceptional floods, these equipments can even, in some cases, slow down the flood decrease in urban areas. Photos: BoF, 1st of June 2019.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-placeholder=\"Traduction\">[mapsmarker marker=&#8221;34&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-placeholder=\"Traduction\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_929_1();\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_929_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_929_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_929_1\" style=\"display: none;\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_929_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_1');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_1\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">de FOUCAULD Bertrand, <em>The Agglomeration Of Metz: Why So Many Underexploited Assets<\/em>? Available at: <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/en\/2019\/08\/26\/metz-agglomeration-france-why-so-many-underexploited-assets\/<\/span><\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_929_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_2');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_2\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">As a reminder, an accountant, even if he works for the Ministry of Agriculture, is employed in the service sector, thus in the tertiary sector<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_929_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_3');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_3\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">INSEE, <em>Population en emploi selon le sexe et le secteur d&#8217;activit\u00e9<\/em> (Employed population by gender and sector of activity), 1st March 2016, [visited on 2nd September 2019]. Available at: <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.insee.fr\/en\/statistiques\/1906677?sommaire=1906743<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_929_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_4');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_4\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">INSEE, <em>Exploitations agricoles <\/em>(Farms), 20th February 2013, [read on the 2nd of September 2019]. Available at: <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.insee.fr\/fr\/statistiques\/1374189?sommaire=1374192<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_929_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_5');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_5\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">to compare with 45 minutes minimum to reach a rural territory, beyond Saint-Germain-en-Laye in the west or Marne-la-Vall\u00e9e in the east, from Notre-Dame-de-Paris, in Ile-de-France Region<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_929_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_6');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_6\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">or more<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_929_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_7');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_7\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">The sprawl of the rural space consists in the a little anarchic establishment of houses. The arrival of urban planning rules may eventually slow down or stop the construction on the concerned area but will also move the trend further away to the periphery<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_929_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_8');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_8\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">TOUT METZ, &#8220;District Planti\u00e8res-Queuleu Metz&#8221; in The District of the city of Metz, 2010-2011, [seen 03 \/ 09\/2019]. Available on: <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/tout-metz.com\/quartiers\/metz-plantieres-queuleu<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_929_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_9');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_9\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">IGN, G\u00e9oportail, available at: <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.geoportail.gouv.fr\/carte<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_929_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_10');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_10\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">cf : de FOUCAULD Bertrand, Urbanisation And Floods (London &amp; Paris), 6th July 2019. Available at: <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/en\/2019\/07\/06\/urbanisation-and-the-fluvial-risk-factor\/<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_929_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_11');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_11\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">METZ, <em>Berges du plan d&#8217;eau<\/em>, [vu le 4 septembre 2019]. Disponible sur : <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/metz.fr\/lieux\/lieu-963.php<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_929_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_12');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_12\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>12<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">METROPOLE DE METZ, &#8220;Quartier de Borny \u00e0 Metz&#8221; in <em>Tout Metz &#8211; Actualit\u00e9s r\u00e9gionales &amp; agenda<\/em>, le 5 septembre 2019, [vu le 5 septembre 2019]. Disponible sur : <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/tout-metz.com\/quartiers\/metz-borny<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_929_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_13');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_13\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>13<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">MELCHIOR, <em>Croissance z\u00e9ro et la d\u00e9croissance<\/em>, [vu le 5 septembre 2019]. Disponible sur : <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.melchior.fr\/notion\/la-croissance-zero-et-la-decroissance<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_929_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_14');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_14\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>14<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">INSEE, &#8220;Metz-M\u00e9tropole perd des habitants entre 2010 et 2015, du fait d\u2019une faible attractivit\u00e9 r\u00e9sidentielle&#8221; in <em>Dossier Grand Est n\u00b0 9<\/em>, ao\u00fbt 2018, [vu le 4 septembre 2019]. Disponible sur : <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.insee.fr\/fr\/statistiques\/3600178?sommaire=3600210<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_929_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_15');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_15\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>15<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">MERLIN Pierre, <em>Les grands ensembles<\/em>, Paris, La Documentation fran\u00e7aise, 2010, 209p<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_929_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_16');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_16\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>16<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">BAUD Pascal, BOURGEAT Serge et BRAS Catherine, <em>Dictionnaire de g\u00e9ographie<\/em>, Paris, Hatier, 2003, 544 p<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_929_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_17');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_17\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>17<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">GEORGE Pierre, VERGER Fernand, <em>Dictionnaire de la g\u00e9ographie<\/em>. 8e \u00e9d, Paris, PUF, 2004, 462 p<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_929_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_18');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_18\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>18<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">DAUPHINE Andr\u00e9, <em>Risques et catastrophes &#8211; Observer, spatialiser, comprendre, g\u00e9rer<\/em>, Paris, Armand Colin, 2005, 288p<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_929_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_19');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_19\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>19<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">SALOMON Jean-No\u00ebl, <em>L\u2019Homme face aux crues et aux inondations<\/em>, Bordeaux, Presses universitaires de Bordeaux, 1997, 136 p<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_929_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_20');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_20\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>20<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">LAZARO Timothy, <em>Urban hydrology: a multidisciplinary perspective<\/em>. (revised edition), USA, Technomic Publishing Co, 1990, 243 p<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_929_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_929_1_21');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_929_1_21\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>21<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">GRAFMEYER Yves, <em>Sociologie urbaine<\/em>, S.l., Armand Colin, 2005, 128 p<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_929_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_929_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_929_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_929_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_929_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_929_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_929_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_929_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_929_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_929_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_929_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_929_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_929_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_929_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In my article of August 13th, 2019, I showed that Metz had assets in the three economic sectors: agriculture (in<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":852,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[53,38,24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-929","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economics-social","category-environnement_en","category-urbanisme_en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Rurbanisation: The Example Of Metz, France (1\/2) - ContribCity<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/en\/2019\/09\/12\/rurbanity-the-example-of-metz-france-1st-part\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rurbanisation: The Example Of Metz, France (1\/2) - ContribCity\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In my article of August 13th, 2019, I showed that Metz had assets in the three economic sectors: agriculture (in\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/en\/2019\/09\/12\/rurbanity-the-example-of-metz-france-1st-part\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ContribCity\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-09-12T14:12:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-04-03T16:02:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Vue-de-Failly-1-1024x768.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"768\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Bertrand de Foucauld\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Bertrand de Foucauld\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"10 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/en\/2019\/09\/12\/rurbanity-the-example-of-metz-france-1st-part\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/en\/2019\/09\/12\/rurbanity-the-example-of-metz-france-1st-part\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Bertrand de Foucauld\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/#\/schema\/person\/ec389c5a78a37ccaee4e8ce098099db5\"},\"headline\":\"Rurbanisation: The Example Of Metz, France (1\/2)\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-09-12T14:12:48+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-04-03T16:02:16+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/en\/2019\/09\/12\/rurbanity-the-example-of-metz-france-1st-part\/\"},\"wordCount\":2016,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/en\/2019\/09\/12\/rurbanity-the-example-of-metz-france-1st-part\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Vue-de-Failly-1.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Economics\/Social\",\"Environment\",\"Planning\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/en\/2019\/09\/12\/rurbanity-the-example-of-metz-france-1st-part\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/en\/2019\/09\/12\/rurbanity-the-example-of-metz-france-1st-part\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/en\/2019\/09\/12\/rurbanity-the-example-of-metz-france-1st-part\/\",\"name\":\"Rurbanisation: The Example Of Metz, France (1\/2) - ContribCity\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/en\/2019\/09\/12\/rurbanity-the-example-of-metz-france-1st-part\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/en\/2019\/09\/12\/rurbanity-the-example-of-metz-france-1st-part\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Vue-de-Failly-1.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-09-12T14:12:48+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-04-03T16:02:16+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/en\/2019\/09\/12\/rurbanity-the-example-of-metz-france-1st-part\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/en\/2019\/09\/12\/rurbanity-the-example-of-metz-france-1st-part\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/en\/2019\/09\/12\/rurbanity-the-example-of-metz-france-1st-part\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Vue-de-Failly-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Vue-de-Failly-1.jpg\",\"width\":5184,\"height\":3888},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/en\/2019\/09\/12\/rurbanity-the-example-of-metz-france-1st-part\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Rurbanisation: The Example Of Metz, France (1\/2)\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/\",\"name\":\"ContribCity\",\"description\":\"Parlons de nos lieux de vie\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/#organization\",\"name\":\"ContribCity\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/cropped-Parlons-de-nos-lieux-de-vie-2.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/cropped-Parlons-de-nos-lieux-de-vie-2.jpg\",\"width\":1133,\"height\":218,\"caption\":\"ContribCity\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/#\/schema\/person\/ec389c5a78a37ccaee4e8ce098099db5\",\"name\":\"Bertrand de Foucauld\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c49e25550e4609092f7a00fb677a980813788778df987b36cad9b0fc85a8bf73?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c49e25550e4609092f7a00fb677a980813788778df987b36cad9b0fc85a8bf73?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c49e25550e4609092f7a00fb677a980813788778df987b36cad9b0fc85a8bf73?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Bertrand de Foucauld\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/author\/bertrand\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Rurbanisation: The Example Of Metz, France (1\/2) - ContribCity","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/en\/2019\/09\/12\/rurbanity-the-example-of-metz-france-1st-part\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Rurbanisation: The Example Of Metz, France (1\/2) - ContribCity","og_description":"In my article of August 13th, 2019, I showed that Metz had assets in the three economic sectors: agriculture (in","og_url":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/en\/2019\/09\/12\/rurbanity-the-example-of-metz-france-1st-part\/","og_site_name":"ContribCity","article_published_time":"2019-09-12T14:12:48+00:00","article_modified_time":"2020-04-03T16:02:16+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":768,"url":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Vue-de-Failly-1-1024x768.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Bertrand de Foucauld","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u00c9crit par":"Bertrand de Foucauld","Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"10 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/en\/2019\/09\/12\/rurbanity-the-example-of-metz-france-1st-part\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/en\/2019\/09\/12\/rurbanity-the-example-of-metz-france-1st-part\/"},"author":{"name":"Bertrand de Foucauld","@id":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/#\/schema\/person\/ec389c5a78a37ccaee4e8ce098099db5"},"headline":"Rurbanisation: The Example Of Metz, France (1\/2)","datePublished":"2019-09-12T14:12:48+00:00","dateModified":"2020-04-03T16:02:16+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/en\/2019\/09\/12\/rurbanity-the-example-of-metz-france-1st-part\/"},"wordCount":2016,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/en\/2019\/09\/12\/rurbanity-the-example-of-metz-france-1st-part\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Vue-de-Failly-1.jpg","articleSection":["Economics\/Social","Environment","Planning"],"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/en\/2019\/09\/12\/rurbanity-the-example-of-metz-france-1st-part\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/en\/2019\/09\/12\/rurbanity-the-example-of-metz-france-1st-part\/","url":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/en\/2019\/09\/12\/rurbanity-the-example-of-metz-france-1st-part\/","name":"Rurbanisation: The Example Of Metz, France (1\/2) - ContribCity","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/en\/2019\/09\/12\/rurbanity-the-example-of-metz-france-1st-part\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/en\/2019\/09\/12\/rurbanity-the-example-of-metz-france-1st-part\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Vue-de-Failly-1.jpg","datePublished":"2019-09-12T14:12:48+00:00","dateModified":"2020-04-03T16:02:16+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/en\/2019\/09\/12\/rurbanity-the-example-of-metz-france-1st-part\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/en\/2019\/09\/12\/rurbanity-the-example-of-metz-france-1st-part\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/en\/2019\/09\/12\/rurbanity-the-example-of-metz-france-1st-part\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Vue-de-Failly-1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Vue-de-Failly-1.jpg","width":5184,"height":3888},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/en\/2019\/09\/12\/rurbanity-the-example-of-metz-france-1st-part\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Rurbanisation: The Example Of Metz, France (1\/2)"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/#website","url":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/","name":"ContribCity","description":"Parlons de nos lieux de vie","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/#organization","name":"ContribCity","url":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/cropped-Parlons-de-nos-lieux-de-vie-2.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/cropped-Parlons-de-nos-lieux-de-vie-2.jpg","width":1133,"height":218,"caption":"ContribCity"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/#\/schema\/person\/ec389c5a78a37ccaee4e8ce098099db5","name":"Bertrand de Foucauld","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c49e25550e4609092f7a00fb677a980813788778df987b36cad9b0fc85a8bf73?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c49e25550e4609092f7a00fb677a980813788778df987b36cad9b0fc85a8bf73?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c49e25550e4609092f7a00fb677a980813788778df987b36cad9b0fc85a8bf73?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Bertrand de Foucauld"},"url":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/author\/bertrand\/"}]}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Vue-de-Failly-1.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/929","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=929"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/929\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2904,"href":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/929\/revisions\/2904"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/852"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=929"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=929"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/contrib.city\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=929"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}